low carbon technology assignment on construction industry improvements

Question

Task: how can improvements to the constructions industry be established using low carbon technology assignment research techniques?

Answer

Introduction
This low carbon technology assignmentanalyses possible improvement in the construction industry. The construction industry is going through some crucial changes due to the involvement of sustainable concepts. It is seen that the construction works generate a vast amount of waste and pollutants that deteriorate the natural treasures by impacting on the environment. Construction industry is transitioning into better access to cleaner energy sources to address this issue. Sustainable development goals are included within the construction projects to reduce the production of carbon footprint. In this regard, the adoption of "low carbon technology deployment" has been included in these projects these days. "Facility for low carbon technology deployment" is a low carbon technology assignmentproject that facilitates innovative low-carbon technology by providing financial support to the construction investors.

However, some issues or barriers have been identified to execute this facility within the construction projects. This section is going to propose a low carbon technology assignmentresearch on the compliance barriers of constructing low-carbon buildings in East Asian countries such China, Japan, Taiwan, Mongolia, Hong Kong and much more. In this regard, the study will adopt decent methodological tools to gather data on this topic. This section will propose the aim and objectives of conducting this research including statistics and research-related evidence regarding the chosen topic. The advantage and loophole of including this technology within the construction industry will be discussed in the literature review section. East Asian construction industry's strength of adopting this new technology within their construction industries will be reviewed. The compliance barriers of including this technology within the construction industry are the main topic of discussion of this area.

This low carbon technology assignmentstudy will perform a qualitative data analysis to gather relevant data regarding this matter. Several participants belonging from this industry will be selected to take part in this research. To conduct this qualitative data analysis, an "interview" will be performed under this study. The participants' responses will be measured and compared to reach at the conclusion. Based on the understanding of their experiences of working with this technology will be reviewed with other secondary data from different peer-reviewed articles. The low carbon technology assignmentstudy will perform a thematic analysis of the chosen topic based on the collected data sets. In short, this proposal is going to play a major role to understand the barriers and its solutions to bring this sustainable technology in the East Asian construction market.

low carbon technology assignmentAim and objectives
The low carbon technology assignmentresearch aims to understand the requirement of low-carbon technology deployment in the construction sector. In this regard, the East Asian market will be prioritised. The barriers of implementing this technology in this construction industry will be discussed in detail (Anbumozhi, Wolf & Yao, 2020). This study will try to understand the requirement of the construction industry to adopt this technology. Apart from the compliance barriers, the study will find out other related barriers of deploying the concept of low-carbon buildings in the East Asian zone. The study will find out relevant literary figures to understand the benefits of deploying these buildings and the loopholes of constructing these buildings as well. By assessing these issues, the low carbon technology assignmentresearch will aim to understand the actual situation of the East Asian construction market. The understanding of compliance barriers will help in understanding the solutions as well.

In this regard, some of the objectives of this study are as follows,
1. To understand the requirement of deploying low-carbon construction concept
2. To describe the compliance barriers of introducing low-carbon construction deployment in the East Asian construction industry
3. To explain the role of deploying low-carbon construction in bringing sustainable construction development in East Asia
4. To recommend some solutions get rid of the compliance barriers faced in low-carbon construction deployment in the East Asia

Claims of the study
The low carbon technology assignmentstudy plays an important role to understand the barriers of introducing low-carbon construction in East Asian market such as Mongolia, Japan, China, North Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong and much more. The fundamental claim of this study is this new technology brings difficulties in executing construction goals from several areas, which restricts the implementation of green construction concepts in these countries of East Asia.

Literature review
Literature review will gather decent literary figures on the importance of introducing low-carbon construction technology in the East Asian market. Thislow carbon technology assignment section will chalk out some of the important headings on this topic. This portion of the proposal will try to gather different secondary data for this topic. The motive of performing the literature review is to understand the topic by gathering decent literary portions from the pre-researched data sets. This portion of the study will gather data to find relevant evidence of the low-carbon construction deployment in the East Asian zone. The motive of this literature review is to describe the actual need of conducting this research with the help of pre-collected peer-reviewed secondary articles and related secondary sources.

Role of low-carbon construction in sustainable construction development
Building low-carbon structures is the most effective approach to advance the building industry scientifically, it is a necessity for raising people's standards of living, and it is an unstoppable trend that will help save the planet. According to Anbumozhi&Rakhmah, (2018), in order for the construction industry to manage and reduce the building's carbon footprint and create a healthy recyclable "sustainable development model", the construction managers must include a suitable course of planning, layout and design, build and construction, and operation period. Developers claim that low-carbon real estate will significantly improve the quality of national economic growth by attracting green materials and construction in the higher stream and ecologically sustainable in the lower stream.

A low-carbon building uses less fossil materials, is more energy efficient, and emits less carbon dioxide during construction, manufacturing of its equipment, and throughout the duration of its entire life. In the field of architecture, it is now widely accepted. It has been noted that "green building" and "low-carbon buildings" are two different approaches in their method, purpose, and technology; however, they essentially have the same meaning and goal. For the low carbon technology assignmenttopic of effective energy and decarbonisation for addressing global climate change, low carbon structures are more appropriate. As mentioned by Song et al. (2020), the production of greenhouse gases brought on by the energy consumption of carbon dioxide is more explicitly addressed by low-carbon building than other environmentally friendly building concepts like green real estate and sustainable real estate.

Development of low-carbon buildings
The entire process in thislow carbon technology assignment technology should work to reduce energy consumption, from the procurement, processing, and raw materials transportation to the production of the final product. The step-by step development of these buildings are described in the below portion.

Pre-stage decision-making
This is the initial phase in developing low-carbon buildings. The developer, acting as the act body, determines the building's low-carbon goal, conducts market research, product orientation, economical and technological analysis, and finally decides whether to invest after analysing and validating the market necessity, structural soundness, and financial and social environment relevance of low-carbon construction project with pertinent consulting organisations. Unlike the construction of traditional buildings, the construction of low-carbon structures necessitates that the developer adopt the perspective of the entire life cycle in order to possess low-carbon conscious experience from the overall view. According to Sovacool& Griffiths, (2020), this technology allow buildings to establish a clear and guiding low-carbon building purpose at the pre-stage preparation and segment the overall goal and incorporate the minimal influence based onto this goal at the subsequent steps.

Figure 1: Usage rate of low-carbon technology in different types of construction
(Source: Mata et al. 2021)

Planning
First, the idea of zero emission identified on this low carbon technology assignmentmust be taken into account during planning, building placement, and building orientation design. Planning for the construction must take into account a sensible orientation, improve solar irradiance, and install a natural illumination. In order to establish the prerequisites for the construction of low-carbon buildings, it is also important to ensure that there is beneficial sunshine and ventilation between residences and between flats. Second, "low-carbon" buildings should be constructed using renewable energy. According to Anbumozhi, Kimura &Kalirajan, (2018), low carbon means utilising the national environment of rainwater, solar energy, and wind energy, and reducing energy usage and waste to the bottom point in order to lower operation costs. It also means fully considering the teamwork between the building and its equipment as well as the surrounding environment.

Third, "low carbon" building should proactively adopt innovative technologies and materials. The low carbon technology assignmentreseach also shows minimising the usage of internal air-conditioning and warming, project scheduling must make full use of energy-saving technologies such as external heat conservation of outer walls, heat preservation, layer of ceiling and walls windows, and doors. For the objective of increasing energy efficiency and lowering emissions, solar energy water heaters, solar cells, mini wind turbines, and deep geothermal heat pumps can all be used (Lee et al. 2018).

Figure 2: Geographical scope of bringing this technology in different continents
(Source: Mata et al. 2021)

Construction
Firstly this low carbon technology assignmentsuggests construction planners must ensure that the construction methods, technical plan, organisation, and design are cutting-edge and reasonable; that the "three wastes" handling, environmental protection plan, and field energy consumption during the construction process are reasonable. The ability of the construction in achieving the expected quality and meet the low-carbon, energy-efficiency requirements needs to be checked. According to Shem et al. (2019), the waste of personnel, material, and resources should be minimised. Secondly, the construction managers actively promote the use of high-tensile reinforcing bars and high-performance concrete in order to effectively save raw building materials, particularly steel, concrete, and turnover materials, within the limits of what is scientifically and practically possible. This will reduce energy consumption and improve structural evaluations.

Thirdly, choosing the right tools and materials for the job is crucial throughout the construction phase. The choice of building materials has a significant impact on how much of an environmental impact construction has. Construction businesses can create green, intelligent buildings that absorb greenhouse gases through building materials by integrating carbon capture and sequestration technologies into the building components.

Low-carbon technology in East Asian construction
East Asian nations are eager to integrate low-carbon technology into their construction industry. As stated by Sun et al. (2021)The adoption roadmap mainly focuses on eight themes, including urban planning, new and existing construction, building operations, appliances and systems, materials, resilience, and clean energy. Priority technological and policy-related measures are determined for each of these themes. Finance and capacity building are some more enabling actions identified on this low carbon technology assignment. By the end of the century, governments have agreed to a shared objective of keeping the rise in global temperature to well below 2 degrees, and probably no more than 1.5 degrees. The world must reduce carbon pollution by over 50% by 2030 and strive toward emissions reduction by 2050 in order to stay on pace for the 1.5 degree objective, according to the most recent "UNEP Emissions Gap assessment".

In the "Association of Southeast Asian Nations", "People's Republic of China" and India in 2018, the building industry was responsible for 27% of total energy use and 24% of energy-related CO2 emissions. A 7% rise in the population and a 70% increase in wealth in the region since 2010 have both contributed to an increase in the demand for floor space and energy-intensive services. Floor area expansion is anticipated in the area, which by 2040 may account for nearly half of all new development worldwide (Killipet al. 2018). The low carbon technology assignmentresearch shows a change of the building and construction industry would be necessary to decarbonise buildings during their full lifecycle. It is possible to achieve net-zero operating cost and encapsulated carbon-emission buildings, but this will require clear and aggressive policy signals to motivate a variety of actions, such as passive architectural design, resource conservation, low-carbon components, efficient building envelope indicators, and extremely efficient lighting and devices.

Compliance barriers of low-carbon construction technology in East Asia
East Asian industry consists of several developing economies that are working hard to include modernisation in their business. However, these nations are dealing with economic downturn, which is restricting their plans of adopting low-carbon technology within the construction industry. According to Kesidou&Sovacool, (2019), economic theory only addresses system obsolescence; it does not address technology obsolescence. Since they must compete with standardised models, emerging innovators in the field of clean technology confront extra inertia because of rigidity. As a result, numerous impediments still exist in this industry. If the market's current incentive structure is maintained, "non-conventional" energy sources propelled equipment could pose a long-term threat to the fossil fuel-based system.

Figure 3: Different compliance barriers of this technology in East-Asian construction sites
(Source: Mata et al. 2021)

The low carbon technology assignmentresearch shows recent advancements in the use of solar and wind energy as well as the development of hydrogen cells demonstrate this. Contrary to “engineering modelling”, “economic modelling” is top-down and assumes that the economy is currently operating effectively and in balance, and that any carbon emission reduction will only occur at the expense of economic activity. Between existing technological practises and theoretically possible technologies, there is a sizable lag. Many inventions that are successful in the lab cannot be commercialised. As mentioned by Papachristoset al. (2020), the deployment of this innovation in the East Asian building sector comes with a number of challenges and significant investments that the administrations of this region may not always be able to pay. Decentralised generation and grid extension must be used in concert to address the issues with energy access in East Asia. Power trade Operationalisation will lower capital investment costs, but building local capacities will require coordinated efforts from national governments and energy decision-makers working with local academic institutions, energy stakeholders, and international energy modelling specialists. It is clear that early adopters of PV in green buildings are motivated primarily by environmental concerns, but later adopters are motivated mostly by financial rewards. The difficulties identified on this low carbon technology assignment that prevent the widespread application of PV-green roofs include expensive start-up costs, a lack of experimental data, and a lack of knowledge regarding the long-term advantages. These can be overcome by utilising innovative, cost-effective design and the best materials, whose long-term function can be assessed. As stated by Luoet al. (2019), initiatives for “Thermal Energy Communities” also face difficulties with regard to social, governmental, and financial structures. According to the results of their own modelling, there is no relationship between the size of the community or the number of families that leave after the "contract period" and "TEC formation", which refers to the share of households that participated and their contentment.

Expected outcomes and benefits
This low carbon technology assignmentresearch is going to feature some of the major compliance barriers faced by the East Asian construction industry. In this regard, the research will try to assess the importance of introducing this construction technology in the modern construction field. It is expected that the study will come out with some decent solutions of these barriers so that the industry can take advantage of this technology. No matter how hard the nations try to implement this technology, the construction planners face difficulties to introduce them in their projects. Cases are seen where construction planners try to avoid these technological advancements due to these compilations and barriers (Orsini&Marrone, 2019).

The low carbon technology assignment study will include several examples and evidence regarding this issue. This section will come up with some decent ideas to solve the matter as well. However, the success rates of these recommendations cannot be guaranteed. It can be expected that the responses of chosen participants can make a huge difference in this study. Their experiences and opinions will help the researchers to understand the situation in East Asian construction and the reason behind the arrival of these compliance barriers. Analysis of responses will guide this study to find its conclusion by fulfilling all research objectives (Mu et al. 2018). Several secondary data will also guide in understanding the barriers and ways to get rid of them for establishing a low-carbon future of the East Asian construction industry.

Key factors to conduct this research
The low carbon technology assignment research will be conducted to comprehend the need for low-carbon technology implementation in the building industry. The East Asian market would be given priority in this regard. This research will go into detail on the challenges of applying this technology in the construction sector. This study will be conducted to determine whether the construction sector needs to use this technology. The study will identify further associated impediments to implementing the idea of low-carbon buildings in the East Asian region in addition to compliance barriers. The study will identify pertinent literary characters to comprehend both the advantages of deploying these buildings and their drawbacks. The research's goal is to comprehend the current state of the East Asian building business by evaluating these difficulties.

low carbon technology assignment Methodology
Research methodology deals with the selection of several research tools. This portion of the research deals with the understanding of required research methods based on which this research will be conducted. The main purpose of selecting different research tools is to take part in the research efficiently. Selection of different research methodologies guides in collection of adequate data sets regarding this topic. Research methodology section will play an important role to conduct the qualitative data collection and analysis. This low carbon technology assignmentresearch will follow a thematic pattern to include data sets within the discussion and analysis portion. A detailed description of each research tool for this research is attached below,

Philosophy
Research philosophy deals with the understanding of required philosophical concepts within the research. Selection of philosophy will guide this low carbon technology assignmentresearch to follow a particular philosophical outline for this study. In this regard, the researchers will use the “interpretivism” philosophical model(Busetto, Wick &Gumbinger, 2020). The focus of pragmatic research philosophy is reality. This is chosen as these suits the required philosophical framework of conducting qualitative data collection. This philosophical model's emphasis on understanding the individual and how they interpret the world around them is another factor in the choice of this paradigm. The “Interpretivism” paradigm's central principle, that reality is socially produced, is the reason this was chosen.

Approach
Selection of low carbon technology assignment research approach gives research legitimacy by providing scientific findings. This is selected to provide a detailed plan to help in keeping researchers on track. Research approach makes the process smooth, manageable and effective. The study will pick a "deductive" approach to fulfil the requirements of the data collection and analysis. This method will be employed because it allows for the explanation of causal linkages between conceptual framework, the quantitative measurement of concepts, and the ability to somewhat generalise research findings (Cypress, 2018). The choice was decided because it will enable researchers to reason critically and take actionable decisions at work. With the aid of this instrument, experts can reach inferences based on premises they presumptively hold true or by refining a broad assumption into a more focused notion or course of action.

Design
Research design is adopted to provide a particular design pattern of the low carbon technology assignment research. In this regard, the researchers in this study will follow “descriptive” design(Kilicoglu, 2018). A “descriptive research strategy” can be useful in analysing one or more variables using a variety of research techniques, which is why this will be used.Strategy
Primary and secondary data collection strategy will take part in this area. The researchers will concentrate on presenting a "thematic" strategy throughout this research. In data collection and analysis, all research objectives will be kept in mind. This research will aim to adopt decent statistics and literary figures with the help of this strategic approach.

Nature of data to be collected
Both primary and secondary data will be selected for thislow carbon technology assignment study. Primary data will be collected through “qualitative” data collection process. The nature of these data open-ended responses of interview questions, while the secondary data are the pre-researched data sets from different peer-reviewed articles of Google Scholar.

Data collection process
Thelow carbon technology assignment researchers will send each participant a "zoom link" to take part in the interview process. "Qualitative data collection" will guide the researchers to involve data about this topic based on the real-life experiences of the chosen research candidates (Allan, 2020). Apart from that, some secondary data will also be included to compare the pre-researched article data with the freshly collected interview responses. The data will be collected based on the interest of this study and to fulfil the study objectives.

Possibility of interview protocol
Each low carbon technology assignment participant will receive a "Zoom link" from the researchers so they can conduct the interview procedure with them from any location at any time. They'll be questioned about their preferred timing. The best method for gathering information from the managers, nevertheless, will be the virtual interview. The researchers will compare the data to one another when they have been gathered. To improve the quality of the information, these data will also be contrasted and compared with the secondary data sets of this study.

Open ended and measurement questions
SL No Interview questions
1. How far do you agree that introduction of low-carbon building construction is necessary for the future of global construction industry?
2. Do you believe that East-Asian market is not capable of including this technology in their construction industry?
3. What can be done to remove the identified compliance barriers of low-carbon technology deployment in this construction industry?

Table 1: low carbon technology assignment questions

Data analysis process
Thelow carbon technology assignment researchers will perform an "interview" to gather responses of project managers regarding the difficulties faced by the industry in deploying low-carbon building technology. An excel file will be maintained to keep a record of each data. The researchers will send a zoom link to each participant so that they can take part in this session from anywhere and anytime. Their preferences of timing will be asked. However, the virtual interview will be most effective to collect data from the managers. Once the data will be collected, the researchers will compare them with each other (Skarbek, 2020). These data will also be compared and contrasted with the secondary data sets of this study to strengthen the quality of information.

Sampling and population
The low carbon technology assignment research will involve two construction project managers from different East-Asian construction consultancy firms to express their opinions regarding the use of low-carbon construction technology in their projects. It will be expected that the participants will be honest while answering the questions as their responses will play a big role in this analysis (Elfenbein&Schwarze, 2020). Researchers will ask each of them three open-ended questions, which will make the sample size of this interview 3. Only two participants will be selected to take part in this process, which will make the population of this research 2.

Ethical guidelines
The low carbon technology assignment research will strictly follow all the ethical guidelines in performing the interview. No interview participants will be forced to take part in this process. The "Data collection Act, 2018" will be maintained in this research process. Interview participants will be asked about their free time, when the researchers will send them the "zoom link". By clicking at this link, the participants can easily express their opinions regarding the matter without any need of physically attending the session. They will be free to skip the process or any question if they will not feel comfortable answering them. Apart from that, researchers will focus on keeping data confidentiality of the interview process. A password-protected excel file will be maintained to keep a record of the interview data. This excel file can only be accessed by the researchers. No commercial use of any data will take place. Researchers will assure each participant a complete confidentiality of identity. No names of participants will ever be revealed. All low carbon technology assignment data will be deleted after the research will be published.

Project timeline and milestones
The low carbon technology assignment project timeline is prepared to look into the progress of the project. This timeline is designed to conduct each activities of this research work efficiently managing deadlines as per the allocation (Strijker, Bosworth &Bouter, 2020). The schedule has been made to understand the list of activities and their completion date for each required step in this research. Below is the project timeline for this research.

Figure 4: Research timeline
(Source: Self-created)

Limitation
This low carbon technology assignment research proposal has offered a brief understanding of the chosen topic. However, some solutions of reducing these barriers can be proposed in the literature review section, which is missing. In case of “interview” population, a larger sample can be used, which will be helpful for the researchers to gather more real-life experiences from their participants.

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