Project Management Assignment: Environmental Impact Of Community Greywater

Question

Task:
Write a professional report on project management assignment that describes your design project to an (imaginary) audience such as a decision maker for an aid charity or non-governmental organisation (NGO). It should be a ‘stand-alone’ document presenting your design, how it is innovative and original, and its feasibility from a technical, cultural, economic and environmental point of view.

Answer

1. Introduction
1.1. Purpose of this final report on project management assignment
Greywater is wastewater that has a high potential for reuse. This project is based on minimizing the environmental impact of community greywater managing the untreated discharge in far north Queensland’s Cape York Peninsula. The project management team will develop an appropriate and innovative design for the chosen issue and produce a presentation and report of the final design. The project report is based on the outline of greywater diversion design which enhances to irrigate the water in many sources. It describes a decision-maker for a non-governmental organization.

1.2. Project Background and Justification
North Queensland is one of the remote areas of South Australia. It covers approximately 275,000 sq. km area. The project provides a cost-effective design that reduces the environmental impact of untreated greywater discharged to this environment. The method can be repeatable and deployed by the community with limited skill and local resources.

1.3. Project Scope
The project's scope is to describe the issue by stating what the project can and cannot do. The project design reduces the environmental effect of crude greywater released into the atmosphere. The project helps the campsites people to save the water efficiently. The water is released in the fields that is the origin of irrigation yard . The quality, impact on plants, effects on soil, etcetera is some of the project design constraints.

2. Design research
2.1. Design criteria
The team has decided on the design that reduces the environmental effect of crude greywater released into the atmosphere. The plan will satisfy the following criteria:

• The design will be functional in all weather as the irrigation system works throughout the year.
• The design will reduce the environmental effect of greywater release on the environment as the design promotes the water treatment in filter system in households for the better water treatment.
• The design will be functional in rush situations by using the design of remote diagnostic for grey water management.
• The design will serve the whole community as it addresses the whole area of Queensland’s Cape York Peninsula.
• It will be easily serviced and maintained because the Remote Diagnostic is the most suitable design solution.
• It will be cost-effective because of low equipment and construction costs.

2.2. Design alternatives
The following alternatives were considered even as thinking a suitable solution and include each's main advantages and disadvantages.

• Treatment of greywater: Biological treatment is done here.
• Greywater evaporation: Filtration technology is used here.
• Manual bucketing: Human involvement is used here.
• Greywater diversion and reuse: Ultraviolet, Chlorine & Ozone technology is used here.
• Greywater diversion and reuse: Ultraviolet, Chlorine & Ozone technology is used here.

3. Evaluation of alternatives
3.1. Design alternatives
The following design alternatives were consideredeven as thinking of a suitable solution and include the main advantages and disadvantages of each.

• Greywater management
• Greywater change and reprocess
• Evaporation of Greywater
• Manual pouring
• Greywater refinement

3.2. Decision matrix
A comparison is evaluated against each other using a decision matrix. The below table is established as an Excel spreadsheet. Then the required Design criteria, Alternatives and ratings, scores, and total scores are added. The total score of Greywater change and reprocess is highest among other measures, which are 81 out of 100. The total score of Greywater refinement is the lowest among other criteria, which are 52 out of 100. The weighting factors for reduction of the environmental effect is 5, for function in all weather and surge conditions are 3 consecutively, for service the entire community is 5, for easily serviced and maintained is 3 and cost-effective is 4. The Greywater change and reprocess is more suitable for the project as the individual and total scores are high for different design criteria.

4. Design concept
4.1. Design description
Greywater is wastewater that is derived from bathrooms, kitchen, and laundry. The produced quantity of greywater may hugely differ between various households in a community and are dependent on such factors as the lifestyle of the family and availability of water (Oh et al., 2018). The quality of greywater is tremendously variable because of the inconsistency in household water utilization. Remote Diagnostic is the most suitable and innovative design solution for the greywater treatment as it facilitates the water to use in campground facilities and allowed the increasing competence by generating food and sheltering the natural world. It promotes the sense of responsibility in people towards keeping environment safe and clean.

Irrigation is the non-natural application of water to the soil for the following benefits.

• Irrigation is required for the primary growth and yield of the plants.
• To decrease the soil temperature.
• It is required for the metabolic processes of the plants.
• Irrigation water acts as a medium for the transportation of photosynthesis and nutrients in the plant system.
• To washout, dilute salts in the soil.
• To soften tillage pans.
• For quick germination of the seeds from the soil.
• To reduce the risk of soil piping.

To conquer the concern of minimizing the environmental impact of greywater, Distant analytic is the most appropriate design solution to execute in the area of north Queensland’s Cape York Peninsula (Giri et al., 2020). The below diagram is showing the greywater diversion design layout, which allows irrigating the water from many sources.Some stages are incorporated in the course of water irrigation.

Figure: The remoteanalytic water irrigation system minimizing the environmental impact of greywater(Sharma, 2021)

Filtration materials like potting soil, gravel, scrap material; woodchips, Styrofoam, cotton balls, and etcetera are used in this design.

The adapted system i.e., “Precast Flat Panel System”(PFP system) is the most appropriatestructure method intended forrecurring projects. It is a building technique that gives a difference to the conventional location-based building (Whitney et al., 2019). PFP system elements are bulk-produced off-location, making them realistic for persistentnecessities that requireconstancy of product and production speed.

4.2. Implementation
The distinct design of greywater channels, "Offline Solar-Bore distant analytic system," will endorse the use of wastewater in campgrounds.This design supports the water treatment in filter systems for domestic purposes for better water treatment. This design's educationaladvantage is that it endorses the sense of accountability in personsto keep the environment clean and safe. The design is introduced by trained staff and workers and the below-mentioned considerations are required for ongoing maintenance.

The greywater system and design can be implemented by:

1. Biological treatment: It is often used as a secondary management procedure to eliminate the residual material found after primary management with dissolved air floatation techniques.
2. Drip irrigation: It is a micro-irrigation system that can save nutrients and water and permit water to trickle gradually to the roots of trees, either from on top of the soil surface or covered under the surface.
3. Constructing: The central ingestion structure, or central pumping station, controls water from the origin of supply, like a pool or a stream, into the irrigationsystem.
4. Filtration: Suitable water filtration can facilitate the development of the maintenance and expand an irrigation system's life.

Figure: Ground accumulated solar Photovoltaicirrigation system(Giri et al., 2020)

The solar photovoltaic arrangement will help to lift the stored greywater and irrigate that into the field. The above image shows that the solar plant will help raisethe stocked up water to the camp field(Brix et al., 2007). Its reflection does the presentation of the design solution of Solar-Bore Pumps over the modelof arrangements, layout, and general structure. The production has defined the functions and prototype of designs and issues that are associated with the design.

4.3. Costs
The estimated cost of solar-bore pumps is mentioned below. Two primary technologies are used in this plant. The technologies are filtration and Chlorine, Ultraviolet, and Ozone. The estimatedproduction costsforfiltration technology is 115,000 dollars, and for Chlorine, Ultraviolet, and Ozone technology is 40,000 dollars. On the other hand,The Equipment costs forfiltration technology is 5000 dollars, and for Chlorine, Ultraviolet, and Ozone technology is 28,000 dollars.

4.4. Limitations and Possible Improvements
The project is limited to the design of the system, and producers maintain any integral elements are dependent on and do not require further study.

It is noticed that greywater treatment has not relied upon the Guidelines of Drinking Water in Australia, while greywater purification addresses the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines.

It is also noticed that the Plumbing Code of Australia (PCA), Plumbing and Wastewater Code of Queensland (QPW code), and the plumbing regulations, do not relevant to this project.

The other limitations of the project:

• Greywater Quality
• Adverse Effects on the environment
• Adverse impact on plants
• Plumbing
• Adverse Effects on soil

The possible improvements would be implemented in the project:

• Pivot control panels or telematics.
• Smartphones.
• Soil-moisture sensors.
• Yield-modeling tools.
• Sprinklers.
• Variable frequency drive.
• Remote-sensing technology.

5. Feasibility and Sustainability
The usage of greywater change and reprocess within Cape York's community provides a design to maintain greywater release to the environment. The transformation of the greywater to services that can contain its usage reduces the necessity for further growth of greywater trench because of the water's moving around the community(do Couto et al., 2015). This water can be used within irrigation or hygienic services and held within temporary storage spaces earlier to use. The decreased load on the greywater trench allows the trench to work more efficiently and develop its efficiency in scattering greywater. The greywater change and reprocessing is an easy but effective design that the community can take possession of and keep with resources and limited skills. The cultural benefit of this design is that it promotes the sense of responsibility in people towards keeping environment safe and clean. The economy will be benefited from this design as reducing the utility cost in development of new source to save water. The key areas of strength and weaknesses are:

• ECONOMICAL: The usage of greywater can cause a reduction in the demands of freshwater by household customers.
• CULTURAL: It comprises appropriateness of greywater reusing by the community who may have dissimilarity in beliefs and attitude towards greywater
• ENVIRONMENTAL: The suitable greywater change solution can bring about using water in food-producing plants and plants' irrigation.
• TECHNICAL: The technology in greywater reprocess is not hard, but it only needs simple supply and filtration management.

6. Conclusion
Solar-Bore Pumps' design solution is done by its manifestation over the model of arrangements, layout, and general structure. The project has presented the prototype of designs and functions and concerns that are linked with the design. The design of reusing the waste water is most suitable design in terms of cultural, environmental, financial, and technological aspects. The technologies will help to implement the design of reuse the waste water. It demonstrates the execution of the invention as a solution to the community of Cape York in Australia.

7. Reference
Brix, H., Koottatep, T., & Laugesen, C. H. (2007). Wastewater treatment in tsunami affected areas of Thailand by constructed wetlands. Water Science and Technology, 56(3), 69–74.

do Couto, E. de A., Calijuri, M. L., Assemany, P. P., da Fonseca Santiago, A., & Lopes, L. S. (2015). Greywater treatment in airports using anaerobic filter followed by UV disinfection: an efficient and low-cost alternative. Journal of Cleaner Production, 106, 372–379.

Giri, N. C., Rana, D., Mish, S. P., & Pani, B. B. (2020). Efficacy of Solar Powered Water Pumps for Rural Farmers in Odisha; India. PalArch’s Journal of Archaeology of Egypt/Egyptology, 17(9), 2215–2224.

Oh, K. S., Leong, J. Y. C., Poh, P. E., Chong, M. N., & Von Lau, E. (2018). A review of greywater recycling related issues: Challenges and future prospects in Malaysia. Journal of Cleaner Production, 171, 17–29.

Sharma, D. (2021). Environmental Engineering and Disaster Management-Unit-II (Water Supply System). 1–90.

Whitney, E., Schnabel, W. E., Aggarwal, S., Huang, D., Wies, R. W., Karenzi, J., Huntington, H. P., Schmidt, J. I., & Dotson, A. D. (2019). MicroFEWs: A food–energy–water systems approach to renewable energy decisions in islanded microgrid communities in rural Alaska. Environmental Engineering Science, 36(7), 843–849.

8. Appendix: Reflection on project management

• The Team Coordinator
  1. The project management matched with the project management plan for the team. The teleconference meetings and related record keeping (such as minutes) are appropriately performed. The performance was well-organized and effective. The meetings are held through Zoom, On Friday at 4 pm. Emails are used to move assignment-related information and are answered within two day's Meeting minutes are distributed within 24 hours after the meeting. The team coordinator coordinated and made possible team activities, made Introduction and conclusion, edited oral presentation and final report appropriately
  2. The most successful aspect of the team's management was providing an equal contribution to the construction of the coursework.
  3. The significant difficulty faced with the management of the team was improper interaction regularly as per the communication plan. Whatsapp, Emails, Phone calls, or SMS might be used for appropriately urgent communication. Personal issues and prototype failure, and technical problems are the significant difficulties in this project. One team member has not reacted to the date. In the effort of progression, the team accommodated modifications as well as possible via project documentation.
  4. Practical suggestions are needed to avoid the issues encountered in the future. It is acknowledged that the team requiredfinishing more than their owed share at times but endeavors to have on regular across all assignment’s equal association. The disputes will need to be mediated through the academic workers for this course to evade the project's failure. All systems should be updated, and an idleness system should be there in place on the occasion of any difficulty. Highlighted issues should be done prior. Multiple communication streams should be applied. Proper construction methods and materials (such as presentation software, university databases CAD software, and ICT hardware) will be required for the future.
• Researcher
  1. The project management matched with the project management plan for the team. The teleconference meetings and related record keeping (such as minutes) are appropriately performed. The performance was well-organized and effective. The meetings are held through Zoom, On Friday at 4 pm. Emails are used to move assignment-related information and are answered within two day's Meeting minutes are distributed within 24 hours after the meeting. The Researcher designed the research, sustainability, and feasibility sections with environmental issues, cultural issues, and economic issues appropriately.
  2. The most successful aspect of the team's management was providing an equal contribution to the construction of the coursework.
  3. The significant difficulty faced with the management of the team was improper interaction regularly as per the communication plan. Whatsapp, Emails, Phone calls, or SMS might be used for appropriately urgent communication. One team member has not reacted to the date. In the effort of progression, the team accommodated modifications as well as possible via project documentation. Personal issues and prototype failure, and technical problems are the significant difficulties in this project.
  4. Practical suggestions are needed to avoid the issues encountered in the future. It is acknowledged that the team required finishing more than their owed share at times but endeavors to have on regular across all assignment's equal association. The disputes will need to be mediated through the academic workers for this course to evade the project's failure. All systems should be updated, and an idleness system should be there in place on the occasion of any difficulty. Highlighted issues should be done prior. Multiple communication streams should be applied. Proper construction methods and materials (such as presentation software, university databases CAD software, and ICT hardware) will be required for the future.
• Designer
  1. The project management matched with the project management plan for the team. The teleconference meetings and related record keeping (such as minutes) are appropriately performed. The performance was well-organized and effective. The meetings are held through Zoom, On Friday at 4 pm. Emails are used to move assignment-related information and are answered within two day's Meeting minutes are distributed within 24 hours after the meeting. The designer designed the concept section with a design drawing and modelingtechnical details or design description appropriately.
  2. The most successful aspect of the team's management was providing an equal contribution to the construction of the coursework.
  3. The significant difficulty faced with the management of the team was improper interaction regularly as per the communication plan. Whatsapp, Emails, Phone calls, or SMS might be used for appropriately urgent communication. One team member has not reacted to the date. In the effort of progression, the team accommodated modifications as well as possible via project documentation. Personal issues and prototype failure, and technical problems are the significant difficulties in this project.
  4. Practical suggestions are needed to avoid the issues encountered in the future. It is acknowledged that the team required finishing more than their owed share at times but endeavors to have on regular across all assignment’s equal association. Highlighted issues should be done prior. Multiple communication streams should be applied. Proper construction methods and materials (such as presentation software, university databases CAD software, and ICT hardware) will be required for the future. The disputes will need to be mediated through the academic workers for this course to evade the assignment's failure. All systems should be updated, and an idleness system should be there in place on the occasion of any difficulty.